For example, what are its boundaries? What perspective are we taking when talking about it? How do its parts interact? And so forth. Since “systems” are human constructions and can be thought of in infinitely many complex ways, we have to be clear about how we’re framing any particular system of interest.Systems aren’t objective things that exist “out there.” They are subjective ways of thinking that humans have come up with to make sense of the complexities of the world.Yet before going further, it’s important to understand three concepts for framing discussions about systems: This vast and almost cosmic beauty is part of the appeal of thinking in terms of systems. The universe can be viewed as a massive set of systems interacting in infinitely complex ways, with any given system containing various subsystems while simultaneously acting as a subsystem of a larger system. All systems have a function or purpose that is brought about by the very nature of how the system is built. Compare, for instance, a car, which is relatively easy to understand and even diagnose when something goes wrong, to a tropical rainforest, which contains so many living and nonliving components that we’re only just beginning to understand how they work. What is a system?Ī system is a set of things interacting in a way that produces something greater than the sum of its parts. ’Tis not too late to seek a newer world.” The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep “The light begins to twinkle from the rocks: “For some, the development of systems thinking is crucial for the survival of humanity.” – John Sterman This article is intended to introduce systems thinking into our common lexicon – to explain what it is at a basic level, how it can be used, and why it may very well be the key to humanity’s survival over the long run. Widespread adoption of systems thinking represents one of society’s best bets for making real progress towards this daunting transition, but few actually understand what it is. Many people recognize the need to transition to sustainable, resilient ways of living, but the prospect of such a transition is daunting, not only from a logistical perspective, but also because it requires new ways of thinking about and addressing complex problems. Diminishing returns on fossil fuel energy investments, combined with their dwindling availability and environmental harm, threaten industrial civilization. Overpopulation, resource scarcities, degraded ecosystem functioning from pollution and biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic climate change are damaging the life-supporting capacity of the planet.
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MediaInfo is a free, cross-platform and open-source program that displays technical information about media files, as well as tag information for many audio and video files. Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Basque, Belarusian, Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Galician, Georgian, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian. Source: NSCA Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rd ed.) 2008. Rest Intervals and Recovery Time as Determined by Intensity Conversely, using lighter loads to develop strength-endurance or increasing muscle volume (hypertrophy) requires shorter rest intervals. Generally speaking training for strength or power requires higher intensities with heavier loads, which necessitates longer recovery periods between sets. Similar to intensity and repetitions, intensity and rest have an inverse relationship. In the short-term, the rest interval provides time for the involved muscles to restore the glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used to fuel muscle contractions, as well as to recover from the neural fatigue caused by motor unit activation. For many clients, however, training without adequate rest time could compromise their ability to achieve their goals.Īdequate recovery between sets and training sessions is important for a number of reasons. For some clients with specific goals, training to metabolic fatigue or exercising with short rest intervals to induce an energy-depleted state may be necessary. Any one of these could be a potential mechanism of injury. If the rest interval between sets is too short, a few things could happen: muscles might not have enough time to remove metabolic waste like hydrogen ions, or replenish the fuel for the next set, and the nervous system responsible for initiating muscle contractions could fatigue. Mechanical stress refers to the damage caused to the protein structures of muscle, while metabolic fatigue refers to depleted energy stores. When designing exercise programs, there are two types of rest and recovery to consider: the short-term rest interval between sets in a workout and the long-term recovery period between separate training sessions.Įxercise is a catabolic (breaking down) process that causes both metabolic fatigue and mechanical stress. After all, if it works for someone making seven figures throwing or kicking a ball or swinging a club or a bat, it will probably work for our clients who simply want to "tone up and lose weight." Even though few of us are training professional or even extremely competitive amateur athletes, we should follow the lead of the top coaches. The secret of many of the top strength and performance coaches in the world isn't the exercises used in an athlete's workout, it's how the overall program is structured to allow time for optimal recovery between training sessions. In applying this understanding it can be argued that the final two variables of program design-rest and recovery-are the most important. While proper application of all the variables is important for helping clients achieve results, the neuromuscular adaptations responsible for physiological change occur primarily after the exercise stimulus has been applied. Throughout this series on the variables of exercise program design there has been one consistent theme:Įxercise is physical stress applied to the body.Īll of the variables of program design-exercise selection, intensity, repetitions, tempo, sets, frequency and volume-dictate how to impose the physical demands of that stress. While working out or being physically active is good for us, there is such a thing as too much exercise. If you're a personal trainer, group fitness instructor or simply a die-hard gym junkie, you likely work with or know a number of people who fall into the latter category. There is a major paradox for a number of the recreational fitness enthusiasts who make up our clientele and participate in our group fitness classes: While some barely have enough motivation to get off the couch to make it to the gym, others are overly enthusiastic and rarely, if ever, miss a workout. Brief Reports are short papers that meet the same standards of quality and field of interest as regular papers, but have a narrower scope and a more focused interest. The journal will publish articles that are scientifically rigorous, complete within a logical framework, and, most importantly, address molecular or cellular mechanisms that are timely and represent above average significance. Types of papers Regular Research Papers are studies utilizing most scientific technologies including molecular biology, cell biology, immunochemistry, structural biology, computational biology, theoretical biology, and macromolecular chemistry where the subject is extracellular matrix or is substantially related to matrix and its biological role. If we do not receive your revision within 120 days, your paper will be withdrawn and removed from the system. Revisions should be submitted within 90 days. Papers that do not conform to the general criteria for publication in Matrix Biology will be returned immediately to authors to avoid unnecessary delay in submission elsewhere. The section Types of Papers describes the conditions each of these submission types should meet. Matrix Biology publishes Regular Research Papers, Brief Reports, Mini Reviews, Landmark Essays, Full Length Reviews and Announcements. To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Your Paper Your Way We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. Matrix Biology Plus, a companion title to Matrix Biology, is an online-only, open access journal welcomes papers reporting novel findings, which provide a substantive advance in the field of matrix biology without a strict requirement for novel biological mechanisms. No color page charges for online version.Your paper your way: no unnecessary formatting requests.Flexible publication: you can choose to publish open access.An international editorial board of key researchers in the field.Published articles have a universal appeal, value, and utility to the researcher community worldwide.The premier journal in the field of extracellular matrix biology with impacts across many fields of biology and medicine.Reasons to submit your next article to Matrix Biology: Please view our Guide for Authors for more information. In addition to original research articles, Matrix Biology welcomes highly impactful reviews. Papers considered for peer-review must contain substantial advances supported by mechanistic and functional insights. Matrix Biology publishes original studies in, but not limited to, cell and molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, structural biology, chronobiology, infection and immunity, immunology, virology, signalling, disease mechanisms, and therapeutics related to the extracellular matrix and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix. We welcome articles in any area of extracellular matrix research that provide new mechanistic insights or which challenge longstanding biological paradigms in the field of extracellular matrix research. Matrix Biology is now the leading journal devoted to publishing the latest research results in extracellular matrix research that deal with molecular components of the extracellular matrix and biological impacts of cellular interactions with extracellular matrices. The journal became Matrix (1989-1993) and then Matrix Biology in 1994 to reflect the expansion of knowledge and interest in the diversity of extracellular matrix-associated molecules and the increasing awareness of the importance of 'matrix' in development, health, and disease and its significance for biological processes. Matrix Biology was established in 1980 as Collagen and Related Research, an international scientific journal for publication of research on the extracellular matrix. This is done by playing the highest-ranking card in a round. The objective is to win at least three tricks, with a bonus for winning all five. Trust in your partner is vital and as important as strategy. The better you know your partner, the better your chances of winning. For a card game that forbids table talk, it's a surprisingly social game. Popular in parts of Canada - especially Ontario - euchre is a trick-taking game for four people on two teams (though there are variations for between two and eight players). These games have endured particularly well because they're among the most social of card games and have become a part of pop culture through films, television and gaming. These beloved classics are often played long into the night and are staples of veteran card tables. How to play cribbage The best old favourites The play ends the moment either player reaches the agreed total, whether by pegging or counting their hand. So you can choose what to discard in the hope that a particular card will turn up. There is also a random card which is turned face up and which both players may count as part of their hand. With the discard rule at the start of the game, you have to determine your strategy before you know whether you'll be able to execute it. When the cards are dealt, each player gets six cards and must discard two, which go into the crib - the extra hand from which the dealer can score points.Ĭribbage is the perfect balance of strategy and luck. It's a quirky game with three phases in which you can score points, but it's not nearly as complicated as it sounds. The running total can't exceed 31 during play. The objective is to score either 61 or 121 points (you can play to either total), earned by forming groups of two or more cards of the same value, runs, and card combinations that add up to 15. There have been times when I haven't had a board nearby, and I've kept score with pen and paper. I love the board because it's such an iconic part of the game, but you don't have to have one to play. You can vary your strategy from round to round depending on which cards you're dealt.Įven if you've never played cribbage before, you might know it involves a board to keep score. The drawback of the second tactic is you have to pick up cards to score high, and if another player ends the round, you may suffer a hefty penalty. The drawback of the first strategy is it's often difficult to score high in a short round, even if you don't have to subtract anything. In my experience, there are two main strategies: aim to end the round early to catch the other player(s) out with a lot of cards in their hand or try to make the round last as long as possible so you have more opportunities to pick up cards and score points. The catch is if you still have cards in your hand at the end of the round, the value of those cards is deducted from your score. The game is played in rounds, which end when one player has no cards left in their hand. three sevens) or a run of cards in a sequence of the same suit (e.g. To score points, you must play sets of a minimum of three cards that are the same rank (e.g. The objective is to be the first player to score 500 points. It belongs to the rummy family of card games, which involve grouping cards together in certain sequences and sets. This is one of my favourite games because it doesn't take long to play the rules are simple and there's the dramatic possibility of starting out badly, but ultimately winning the game, and vice versa. There are variations for three people, but they're at their best when you play with just two. Most multiplayer card games can be scaled up or down to accommodate more or fewer players and the games mentioned here are no exception. They range from the straightforward to the complex, and all can be played with a standard 52-card deck. If you decide to play them, I hope they serve you similarly well. I'm passionate about a wide variety of games, whether they be board, tabletop or card games, and the ones listed here are what I've played most often and that bring back the best memories. I was six years old when I played my first card in a game of Crazy Eights, and I've dealt countless hands since then. For me, card games were integral to my childhood: I grew up playing cards with my parents and three siblings. They're social, portable and inexpensive (unless you're gambling with money), and the rules are easy to learn. Card games have entertained people for centuries and have always been a great way to pass time. MacBook Pro with Retina display (Mid 2012 or newer).Peer-to-Peer AirPlay requires a Mac (2012 or later) with OS X Yosemite or later and an Apple TV (3rd generation rev A, model A1469 or later) with Apple TV software 7.0 or later. Supported by the following Mac models:ĪirPlay for web video requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later). Requires a broadband Internet connection.ĪirPlay Mirroring requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later). Auto-setup requires enabling the Autodiscovery feature of Microsoft Exchange Server. Requires Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 1 Update Rollup 4, Exchange Server 2010, or Exchange 2013. New Boot Camp installations require Windows 8 or Windows 10 (sold separately). Supports existing Boot Camp installations with Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 10. Video calls require a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (built in or external), a USB video class (UVC) camera, or a FireWire DV camcorder and broadband Internet connection. Requires a FaceTime or iSight camera (built in or external), USB video class (UVC) camera, or FireWire DV camcorder. Requires an additional hard drive or AirPort Time Capsule (sold separately). Mac Pro (Early 2009 with AirPort Extreme card, or Mid 2010 or newer). SMS requires an iPhone with iOS 8.1 or later and an activated carrier plan.ĪirDrop between Mac computers and iOS devices is supported by the following Mac models:ĪirDrop to iOS devices requires an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with a Lightning connector and iOS 7 or later.ĪirDrop between two Mac computers is supported by the following Mac models: Phone calling requires an iPhone with iOS 8 or later and an activated carrier plan. Requires Personal Hotspot service through your carrier. Instant Hotspot requires an iPhone or iPad with cellular connectivity with a Lightning connector and iOS 8.1 or later. Handoff requires an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with a Lightning connector and iOS 8 or later. MacBook (Late 2008 Aluminum, or Early 2009 or newer).These Mac models are compatible with OS X El Capitan: Some features require a compatible Internet service provider fees may apply.įor details about your Mac model, click the Apple icon at the top left of your screen, choose About This Mac, then choose More Info.Some features require an Apple ID terms apply. They are especially beneficial when a transmitter signal is divided among several transmissions, or it throws out poor signals. A booster is a self-contained accelerator that filters noise while increasing transmission power in the broadcast frequency range. Antenna BoostersĪ TV antenna booster may give your television setup the extra push it needs for excellent video quality. To check the actual strength of your TV antenna or to discover the best location to set it up, reach out to the experts: All of your issues can be resolved in no time, and you can watch your TV hassle-free. If the antenna receives a weak signal, the booster will merely aid in the distribution of the poor signal. It’s critical to remember that although they might be beneficial in certain instances, they can also be detrimental in others. A single antenna booster empowers a significant number of TV sets. Your Television will showcase a crisper visual and audio with substantial reception. An antenna booster is a compact box mounted to the rod that supports the TV antenna and aids in the distribution of the signal to televisions across your setup. Yes, it is a trivial matter and can be resolved effortlessly with an antenna signal booster. It is not okay to become a pessimist because of such a trivial issue. This scenario is a nuisance, and it not only dampens your spirits but causes you to lose trust in everything. No one desires their signal to fluctuate or go missing in the middle of a thrilling sporting event or their favorite reality program. When you’re trying out different antennas, be sure to scan through the channels on your TV to see which antenna location pulls in the most stations.Considering the way TV is being watched, a strong signal is essential, especially when we are living in a technically advanced era. As noted above, a multidirectional antenna doesn’t need to be aimed, but it might not be as effective at picking up signals from distant towers. If you live in the suburbs of a big city, all the major broadcast towers may lie in the same direction, but you may need to reorient the antenna for different stations. Once you know where the towers are, you can point the antenna in that direction. You can also get useful advice and information, including tips on outdoor antennas, from AntennaWeb. You’ll also be able to determine how many stations you should be able to pull in and their relative signal strength. To find out where the local broadcast towers are in your area, go to the FCC’s DTV antenna map, then click on the station’s call letters to see where the signals are coming from. Some antennas are directional (these are also called “unidirectional” antennas), which means they need to be oriented toward a broadcast tower. Some flat models, such as the Winegard FL5500A FlatWave Amplified, are reversible, typically black on one side and white on the other. Some of the newer flat antennas, such as the Mohu Leaf, can be painted (using a nonmetallic paint), allowing them to blend in with the décor. So try a few higher locations, such as along the wall near the ceiling. In reality, most people will place the antenna in the same room as the TV. Of course, having the antenna in one room and the TV in another requires running a cable through your home because the antenna needs to be connected to the antenna (RF) input on your set. Sometimes objects in the room or roofing materials will interfere with the signals, so it pays to try a few different attic locations. If possible, place your indoor TV antenna in an attic or a second-story location, preferably by a window. It’s also why you probably won’t get good reception using an antenna placed in your basement. That’s one reason roof-mounted antennas typically outperform indoor models. We’ve found that the height of your antenna is a critical factor in getting decent reception. To do that, you need to buy from a retailer that offers a no-hassle return policy and a reasonable warranty. So here’s our advice: Try a few different antennas to see which one works best. Cheaper antennas often did as well as-or better than-more expensive models. One surprise was that we found little correlation between price and performance. Multidirectional antennas, which receive signals from all directions, might be better for urban locations, but they might not pull in the more distant stations a properly positioned directional antenna could. We conducted the tests at 10 homes spread across the New York City metropolitan area.Ī number of models are directional, so they need to be oriented toward broadcast towers. Some models worked better than others, but it was hard to predict which antenna would perform best in any particular location. In our te sts of top-selling indoor TV antennas, reception depended mainly on how far we were from broadcast towers, plus the terrain and details of our surroundings, such as houses, buildings, trees, and so on. Its a Cyberpunk Inspired pixelart animation made in Marmoset Hexels 3.
Harry StylesĪ modern-day fashion icon is former boy band member Harry Styles. Hepburn was charming, beautiful and every dress fit her perfectly, irrespective of the style. Her slender, delicate frame made her the ideal model for haute couture collections. What comes to mind when you hear the name Audrey Hepburn? Tiffany and Co., perhaps? Or maybe fashion and style?Īfter meeting Hubert de Givenchy in the early 1950s, she began embracing clothing. Rihanna is definitely a major fashion influencer who always brings her A-game. She is a trendsetter, whether it's hair or makeup. And, she can make anything work, no matter what. She never holds back and proudly flaunts her boldest looks anywhere. When it comes to style, she's known for making her own mark. Rihanna is a powerhouse of fashion and style, consistently turning heads at New York and Paris fashion weeks and other important fashion events. 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